The present study aims to investigate the moral needs of children with a qualitative method based on data theory based on a systematic approach. In order to collect qualitative data, 12 education specialists in the field of children were interviewed by purposive sampling. The sampling method continued until it reached theoretical saturation using semi-structured interviews with sample members. In order to determine the content validity from the experts' point of view and to measure the reliability, the Holstie coefficient (0.818) was used. Using the results of content analysis of interviews,Identify children's moral needs and in three stages of open coding, axial coding, selective coding, model of children's moral needs in the form of 6 main categories and causal conditions, central phenomenon, strategies, mediating conditions, intervening conditions, and consequences of the moral needs model, direction Exploitation was provided in school, family and community. Moral needs of children (moral needs of their soul and spirit, moral needs in relation to family, moral needs in relation to the future, moral needs in relation to nature, moral needs in relation to society, needsMorality in relation to the Creator of the universe is very important and is effective in the formation of the adult personality of the child and ultimately the health of society. Education in school, in the family and in society should be considered in line with the main component of moral needs and their symptoms.

Background Moral commitments of therapists is the important subject that attracted the attention of researches in the field of medical ethics. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between basic psychological needs and moral identity among medical students. Method The plan of this research is descriptive-correlation. Subjects were 140 medical interns of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences that selected by stratified sampling method from Shiraz public hospitals. For collecting data, using psychological needs satisfaction scale and self-important of moral identity scale. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results Results of research showed satisfying needs of competence and relatedness have positive correlation with internalized moral identity. Also, satisfying needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness showed positive correlation with symbolized moral identity. In addition, results of multiple regression analysis indicated that satisfying need of competence predicts internalized moral identity, positively. Satisfying need of relatedness predicts symbolized and total scores of moral identity positively. Conclusion In general, results of present research in line with early research evidence and self-determination theory, showed the importance of satisfying basic psychological needs in forming medical students’ moral identity.

Introduction: Ethical living is a lifestyle in which all areas of human existence and work are formed and flow around ethics. That is, a person who wants to live morally, in all areas, tries to know the ethical considerations related to that area and follow them in practice and live according to them. The current article is research on the moral system of Thomas Aquinas with a focus on examining the nature of the moral goal of human life and the moral rationality of such a life. Material and Methods: The present review study examined bioethics from the perspective of Thomas Aquinas in a descriptive manner. In order to achieve this goal, articles related to research keywords from Thomson Information Institute, Science Direct and Pub Med were examined and books related to the views of Thomas Aquinas were studied. Conclusion: The results of this study show that according to Thomas Aquinas's view on man, becoming like God and realizing God's image in material life and seeing God in the hereafter is the moral goal and eternal happiness of man. Also, Thomas Aquinas believes in the moral rationality of such a life from both perspectives-having a reason to live morally and the usefulness of such a life.

Purpose: The science of interpretation, as the most important science responsible for understanding the Qur'an, needs to be methodized and updated so that the teachings of the Qur'an can be used easily for all classes of people. In the present study, the meaning of "future research in interpretation" is the ability to create desirable models for more efficient interpretation in the future, by using scientific tools, creativity and relying on the foundations and rules of interpretation and compensating the damages of interpretation in the past.Method: This research, with descriptive analytical method, answers the question, what are the fields and requirements of future research in interpretation? Findings: The results of the current research are based on the fact that special attention to the Qur'an, as the most important source of interpretation, rationality and methodical consideration in interpretation, attention to the prerequisites of interpretation, interpretation based on the requirements of the time, the need to pay attention to thematic interpretation, studying on the history of interpretation and observing the manners and conditions of interpretation are one of the most important requirements of interpretation in the future. Results: Considering the developments that will take place in the field of knowledge, methods and expectations from science in the future, the interpretation will also change. For this reason, in order not to cause various damages to the interpretation of the Qur'an, it is necessary to pay attention to the various contexts, principles and requirements of the interpretation of the Qur'anic commentators and scholars.

In order to achieve sustainable development, planning an appropriate management program is essential. Watersheds are the main units of land management and the main objective of this paper is to review the history, current status and future management needs of these units in Iran. For this purpose, the concepts of watershed and watershed management were explained and organizational structure, activities and current approach to watershed management have been investigated. Four case studies of the approach and practices of watershed management in Iran and abroad were also mentioned (two internal samples and two external). The historic course of watershed management in Iran indicates that signs of changing approach are ongoing from a traditional mechanical to the systemic management approach. As a general conclusion for improving integrated management of watersheds in Iran, some suggestions were offered as follow: improving the current organizational structure of watershed management and establishing committees called watershed council, considering the scale of the watershed, applying a united and appropriate watershed management model, shifting the attitudes from technical engineering to managerial approaches toward the nature of watershed management, watershed participatory governance and establishing an unitary and coherent organizational structure.

Introduction: Alternative punishments of imprisonment, which are called as a new approach of the penal system to fight against the negative consequences of prison, have many effects and consequences that need to be investigated. Therefore, in this study, while examining the types of alternative punishments, the moral and social effects of the implementation of these punishments have been explored. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted using an analytical-descriptive method. In this study, in order to provide an appropriate answer to the question presented, by referring to the theoretical bases (books) and articles published in the ISC, Magiran, Civilica, SID and Ensani in the years 2011 to 2023 and with the method of extracting the existing legal provisions, the effectiveness of this type of punishment was also criticized in reaching the intended goals. Conclusion: The results of this study show that with the implementation of such punishments, the level of public trust, the growth of morals and social capital in the society will also improve. Therefore, the implementation of these punishments, while reducing the criminal population of prisoners and reforming them, provides better implementation of social justice and improvement of public trust, emotional and financial support for the families of criminals

This article introduces, analyzes, and criticizes the work of Lawrence M. Hinman, Ethics: A Pluralistic Approach to Moral Theory. Hinman is a Philosopher of Ethics in the multimedia learning. He believes that multiculturalism is important factor of nowadays so the most important responsibility of philosophers of Ethics is prevention of moral conflict. The global communication and information in 21st century needs global tolerance and respect of various nations, cultures, and moralities together because different people and societies have a common human nature and common natural rights that obligate to justice and moral relationship between different people and various societies’ beliefs throughout the world. Moral communication in multiculturalism approach is against racial, gender, national, and ethnic prejudice. Hinman believes in moral dialogue and global learning across different cultures. The book of Ethics: A Pluralistic Approach to Moral Theory has a proper category of new ethical problems, and the candid standpoint of author is considerable. He has a logical method, and in the end of every part of book there are some questions for evaluation of students learning. So this book is proper for the philosophy of ethics in universities.